Carbureter and vaporizer



H. KNIGHT.

CARBURETER AND VAPDRIZER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 1. 1918.

Patented June 29, 1920.

UNITED STATES PATENT omen.

HERBERT KNIGHT, OF BROCKLEY, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR '10 MALCOLM KING, OF ST.

, JOHN'S 'WOOD, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND.

GARBUBETEB AND VAIPOIRIZER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 29, 1920 Application filed May 1, 1918. Serial No. 231,873.

To all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, HERBERT KNIGHT, a subject of the King of Great Britain, 'residing at 7 Montague avenue, Brockley, 1n the county of Kent, England, have invented certain new and gsefuL Improvements in and Connected with Carbureters and .Vaporizers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention comprises improvements in and connected with carbureters and vaporizers, and has for its object to provide apparatus of this kind which is suitable for use with lower grade fuels or heavy hydrocarbons, such as para-fiin, or with mixtures of liquid fuels such as are used in substitution of petrol. In the vaporization of these fuels, waste heat, such as that of the exhaust gases of combustion, has been utilized, and the present improvements aim at obtaining a better and more efficient distribution of the heat so that the combustible mixture is heated and the liquid particles vaporized in a thoroughly uniform and satisfactory manner.

The type of apparatus, to which the invention refers, comprises a heat-exchange device for externally and internally heating the induction pipe or combustible mixture supply pipe or a chamber mounted on or forming part of the induction pipe, and means for bafiling or deflecting the heating medium for the purpose of rendering its distribution more uniform. In order to ef fectually heat the stream of combustible mixture, internal means are provided for withdrawing a portion of the exhaust gases from the chamber and circulating them through the induction pipe, an induced current device being fitted .on an outlet pipe lefirding from the chamber to the atmosp ere.

The invention will be hereinafter described With reference to the accompanying drawings and specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings- I Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation of a vaporizer constructed according to this invention,

2 is a plan and F 3 is a vertical section on the line III II of Fig. 1.

4 is a modified form of elbow and Fig. 5 is an end elevation of same.

movable or fitted with a removable cover or door e for inspection purposes. The floor.

a and ends walls a. a of the chamber may be of brass and on the floor a is bolted down the flanged end f of the stem of a T-shaped copper pipe 9 ofsuitable dimensions for the passage of the combustible mixture. The hole in the floor a over which the pipe end 7 is fixed, is arranged to come over the delivery aperture of the carbureter at when the chamber is fixed in position. The ends, of the horizontal arms of the T-shaped pipe 9 are secured tightly in holes in suitable thickened portions or bosses on the end walls a and on the exterior surfaces of these end walls are secured elbow connections 7:. and k to which the induction pipe or pipes leadin to the engine cylinders are connected. he exhaust pipe 11 admitting gases of combustion to the duction pipe g, is a baflie k which is suitably curved to concentricity with the induction pipe 9. This baflie plate is may be of copper and suitably extends aroun the pipe to the extent of about 180 butthe lower part of the plate is at the rear isfiatand hangs vertically so as to direct part of the bafiled gases downward. The bafile plate I: is advantageously supported upon the induction pipe 9 by means of fins or webs Z which are secured. radiall and so as to run lon tudinally of t e horizontal arms of t e T-sha ed pipe g. These 'fins or webs Zmay extend over almost the whole length of the said arms in order to-increase the heat-- exchange capacity of the device, and while they may be brazed to the pipe 9, their fixing may be strengthened by securin them to angles or webs 1 running longitu 'nally of the pipe 9 and carried by rings m clamped around the pipe 9 near to the ends of the horizontal arms of the pipe 9 by means of bolts and nuts m Outlets for the exhaust gases are preferably provided near the two ends of the chamber, and the outlet pipe n at one end is advantageously formed as a nozzle 7?? surrounded by a small annular chamber 0. A tube p is connected to the outlet pipe n at the other end, and this tube p is carried through the horizontal portion of the T- shaped induction pipe 9 and then connected with a pipe g which leads into the small chamber 0 surrounding the nozzle W. The tube 1) may be straight, wavy or spiral or of other sinuous formation and may be fitted with gills, wires or other heat-exchange devices. The small pipes n 9 connecting respective ends of the tube ;0 with the heat exchange chamber a and with the small chamber 0 surrounding the nozzle a may be permanently connected with bosses on the under sides of the elbows h and k aforesaid, and the ends of the tube p may be connected with nipples or hollow plugs z r screwed down on to faced recesses on the interior of these bossed portions. As previously stated, more than one tube 1; may be arranged within the induction pipe g, if desired. 7

In operation, the hot gases of combustion entering the chamber a are delivered on to the bafiie k and are distributed in all directions into the chamber, some passing over the curved top of the baffle 70 to the front of the chamber, and some passing downward at the rear and beneath the horizontal arms of the induction pipe 9. In this way the hot gases are disseminated through-.

out .the chamber and, in addition, the heat taken up by the baffle 70 and by the fins or webs Z is uniformly conducted over a large portion of the surface of the induction pipe 9.

An aperture 1s made preferably in the front of the stem portion of the T-shaped pipe 9 and a small valve casing s is tightly secured in this aperture. A ball valve t, or other suitable valve, is pressed by a spring u against a seating s in the valve casing s in the direction for preventing admission of the exhaust gases into the induction pipe g. On the front wall or in the cover e'of the chamber and opposite the admission aperture of the valve casing s is fitted a sleeve or stufling box 12 in which a rod w is mounted and suitabl""' guided. A spring w inserted between the ront wall and a collar w on the rod 10 constantly presses the rod 'w outward away from the valve :6. The rod w may be forced inward against the valve t b means of a bellcrank lever :22 operate for example, by a Bowden wire y (Fig. 2) from the drivers seat. When it is desired, therefore, to im part additional heat to the mixture, a pull on the wire y effects an opening of the valve t which thereupon admits a small quantity of hot gases from the chamber a into the induction pipe 9, and such hot gases mingle with the combustible mixture. Upon releasing the wire y the spring 14 immediately closes the valve t and shuts off the admission of the hot gases. A copper gauze or other suitable bafile 8 may be fitted in the valve casing 8 so as to insure the impossibility of any flame reaching the interior of the induction pipe g.

As shown in Figs 4 and 5 the elbows such as k may be made taper so as to permit of using a chamber of larger dimensions or diameter and bolting the flanges of the said elbows to the ordinary bosses on the engine.

Although the particular construction of vaporizer illustrated is applicable for use with a carbureter in which the fuel is fed under pressure, it is obvious that the invention is also applicable in case of the fuel being fed by gravity.

It will therefore be seen that the apparatus comprises a very large area of uniformly heated surfaces for contact with the combustible mixture, so that the latter becomes thoroughly and efiiciently vaporized before entering the engine cylinders. In practice, the engine may be started with petrol and may run for a few minutes on this or other suitable light fuel, after which paraffin or other cheaper or heavy fuel may be supplied, as will be readil understood.

One of the advantages 0 the improved apparatus is that it is possible to fit it to existing engines withlittle trouble or structural alteration, as it may be merely substitu'ded for the ordinary induction manifold Although in the example described, two

elbowsare said to be fitted, these being for r the supply to two engines or two sets of cylinders, it is obvious that this detail of the apparatus may be varied to suit the articular requirements of any engine to w ich the device is to be fitted.

If desired, the entire length of the induction pipe may be inclosed in the heating chamber, in which case the heat exchange portion of the induction tube may be correspondingly lengthened.

I claim 1. A vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising a chamber adapted to surround-the induction pi e, admission and outlet connections on sai chamber for exhaust gases of combustion, a baflie device opposite said exhaust admission and spaced from the induction pipe, heat exchange de vices on said induction pipe, a duct mounted within the induction pipe and having exhaust inlet and outlet connections, and circulatin means adapted for moving exhaust gases throu h the said duct.

2. A vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising a chamber adapted'to surround the induction pipe, admission and outlet connections on said chamber for ex haust gases of combustion, heat exchange devices comprising webs on' said induction pipe, a bafiio mounted on said webs opposite said exhaust admission, said webs being thereby spaced from said pipe, a duct mounted within the induction pipe and hav ing exhaust inlet and outlet connections, and circulating means adapted for moving exhaust gases through said duct.

3. A vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising a chamber adapted to surround the induction pipe and having apertures in its end walls for the passage of said pipe, admission and outlet connections on said chamber for exhaust gases of combustion, a baflie device opposite said exhaust admission and spaced from said induction pipe, heat exchange devices on said induction pipe, a duct mounted in said induction pipe so as to traverse that portion of the said pipe which is surrounded by said chamber, a connection between the interior of said chamber and said duct, and a connection between said duct and circulating means adapted for moving exhaust gases through said duct.

4. A vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising a chamber adapted to surround the induction pipe, admission and outlet connections on said chamber for exhaust gases of combustion, a baflle device opposite said exhaust admission and spaced from the induction pipe, heat exchange devices on said induction pipe, a duct mounted within the induction pipe, a connection between the interior of said chamber and said duct and a connection between said duct and the outlet from said chamber, and an ejector nozzle combination inserted in the latter connection.

5. A vaporizer for internal combustion engines, comprising a T-shaped pipe adapted for connection-at its stem with a carbureted air supplyand at the ends of its cross piece with engine induction pipes, a chamber inclosing said T-shaped pipe with the ends of the cross piece passing through apertures in the end walls of said chamber,

admission and outlet connections on saidjili chamber for exhaust gases of combustion, a bafiie device opposite said exhaust admission and spacedfrom said T-shaped pipe, heat exchange devices on the cross piece of said T-shaped pipe, an ejector nozzle device connected with the outlet from said chamber, and a duct mounted within the cross piece of said T-shaped pipe and connected at one end with the interior of said chamber and at the opposite end with said nozzle device.

6. A vaporizer for an internal combustion engine comprising a chamber surrounding the induction pipe of the said engine, the said induction pipe, an inlet to the said chamber for the admission of hot exhaust gases of combustion, an outlet pipe for the exit of the said exhaust gases, a baflle device between the interior of the said chamber and, the exterior of the said induction pipe for distributing the said exhaust gases over the surface of the said pipe, a duct mounted within the induction pipe, a connection from the said chamber to the said duct, a connection from the said duct to the said outlet pipe, means for the admission of hot gases to that part of the induction pipe surrounded by the said chamber and means for regulating the admission of such hot ases.

HERBERT K IGHT. 

